< Back June 21, 2021 GOV SIGNS BENEFICIAL ELECTRIFICATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY BILLS DENVER, CO — Governor Polis today signed two bills into law, which will increase energy efficiency, improve indoor air quality and encourage the use of more renewable energy. “Going green, whether through renewable energy or energy efficient technology, is great for our environment and can save individuals and businesses money in the process – what’s not to love?” said Rep. Alex Valdez, D-Denver, sponsor of SB21-246 and SB21-261. “This was a banner year for clean energy, and the two laws signed by Governor Polis today prove it. Both laws will go a long way toward meeting our climate goals while creating jobs and investing in long-term sustainability.” “New advances in energy efficient technology mean we can save money while saving the planet,” said Rep. Meg Froelich, D-Englewood, sponsor of SB21-246 . “The new law signed today will help Coloradans embrace energy efficient technologies like electric water heaters and furnaces, helping us to meet our climate goals, create jobs and improve both our indoor and outdoor air quality.” SB21-246 directs the Public Utilities Commission to set longer-term energy savings targets for utility beneficial electrification programs and approve plans from investor-owned utilities that would use incentives to promote the use and installation of energy efficient electric equipment. Transitioning to clean electric homes and businesses will improve public health, save energy, create jobs, and help Colorado meet its climate goals by reducing the use of fossil fuels. Under the bill, utilities will develop plans to help their customers replace costly natural gas and propane fueled appliances with high efficiency electric equipment, and utilities must include programs targeted to lower-income households in their plans. Clean heat from appliances such as electric heat pumps, heat pump water heaters, and induction stoves will help Colorado reduce greenhouse gas pollution and has potential to help improve indoor air quality and health and safety in buildings. Improving indoor air quality is especially beneficial to families with children, older Coloradans, or who have household members with respiratory issues. Businesses that sell and install energy efficient technologies will see increased demand and growth through greater adoption of more efficient equipment. “If we’re serious about meeting the ambitious greenhouse gas emission goals we set for ourselves, we can’t be limited by arbitrary caps on the amount of clean energy we can produce,” said Rep. Judy Amabile, D-Boulder, sponsor of SB21-261. “The new law signed today does away with unnecessary barriers to allow Coloradans to lean into renewable energy and more adequately store and produce clean energy.” Currently, homeowners with rooftop solar panels have been limited in the amount of solar energy they can produce to 120% of the previous year. SB21-261 removes limitations on rooftop solar, modernizes net metering, reduces the costs of solar installation, and advances adoption of battery storage technology with the goal of helping Colorado meet our climate goals of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions over the next three decades. Previous Next

< Back May 10, 2022 BILL TO MAKE CHILD CARE MORE AFFORDABLE PASSES HOUSE DENVER, CO – The House passed a bill to save families money on child care. SB22-213 invests $50 million of federal pandemic relief dollars toward increasing child care capacity and boosting the professional child care workforce. “The pandemic has made it even more difficult for families to find affordable, high-quality childcare and as a result, many parents, especially moms, are leaving the workforce to care for their kids,” said Rep. Kerry Tipper, D-Lakewood . “We’re investing $50 million toward expanding Colorado’s child care facilities and training more professionals to bring down the cost of child care. This bill will help us provide critical support for working families who’ve been stretched thin to ensure their children have a safe place to learn and thrive during the workday.” “Colorado’s child care system has been stretched thin for years, so we’re taking the initiative to fill funding gaps and make child care more affordable and accessible,” said Rep. Alex Valdez, D-Denver. “Our bill invests federal pandemic relief dollars toward training more child care professionals and expanding our state’s child care capacity so families can more easily access quality care.” Child Care Support Programs: SB22-213 , sponsored by Representatives Kerry Tipper and Alex Valdez passed the House by a vote of 41 to 22. This bill aims to boost Colorado’s economy and make it easier for families to access child care by increasing capacity across the state and better developing the workforce to help Coloradans get the training they need to provide that care. This bill utilizes $50 million of federal pandemic relief dollars to boost child care capacity by providing $16 million in grant funding to open a new child care center or expand capacity at an existing licensed childcare facility. It will also invest $10 million to support the employer-based child care facility grant program, which will help business owners and other employers provide convenient, high-quality child care on-site while parents are at work. SB22-213 also adds $15 million to the successful workforce recruitment and retention grant program and provides $7.5 million to support and train license-exempt informal caregivers working with young children in their communities. Previous Next

< Back June 3, 2020 HOUSE PASSES FY20-21 LONG BILL DENVER, CO — Joint Budget Committee Chair Daneya Esgar, D-Pueblo, and Representative Julie McCluskie, D-Dillon, today released the following statements after the House passed the FY20-21 Long Bill ( HB20-1360 ) by a vote of 41-23. Lawmakers have spent the last six weeks working to responsibly balance the budget and prioritize funding for education and critical health and safety services. “This was a really difficult budget, and we had to make a lot of painful decisions,” said JBC Chair Esgar, D-Pueblo. “It’s not easy to govern and craft a balanced budget in these economically dire times. I’m proud of the way we came together to govern responsibly and protect our most vulnerable Coloradans as we prioritized funding for education and critical health and safety services. I am grateful for the tireless work of our nonpartisan staff, my colleagues on the Joint Budget Committee, and my colleagues in the House Democratic caucus that dug in to help find compassionate and responsible solutions to help our state overcome this crisis.” “We had to make painful decisions on proposals for heartbreaking cuts to responsibly craft a budget that serves our most vulnerable and protects as much money as possible for K-12 education,” said JBC Member Rep. McCluskie, D-Dillon. “We rejected cuts that would devastate Coloradans with intellectual or developmental disabilities and kick children off their health insurance. It isn’t the budget we wanted to pass, but I’m proud of the work the JBC did to meet the needs of vulnerable Coloradans during this unprecedented and dire budget crisis.” The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a $3.3 billion budget shortfall. With Congress’s failure to provide additional relief to states, lawmakers were forced to cut over 20 percent of the budget that the legislature controls, which covers core state priorities such as K-12 education, higher education and critical health and safety services. The House also passed HB20-1366 , which makes significant reforms to the higher education funding formula. The product of months of stakeholding, the new formula focuses on student outcomes, helps secure the long-term sustainability of rural institutions and protects the rural economies that rely on public colleges and universities. Previous Next

SB26-011 will ensure timely, reliable compliance with search warrants < Back March 30, 2026 Legislation to Protect Children Online, Improve Public Safety Signed Into Law SB26-011 will ensure timely, reliable compliance with search warrants DENVER, CO – Bipartisan legislation to improve warrant response timelines for online platforms and keep communities safe was signed into law today. SB26-011 , sponsored by Senator Dylan Roberts, D-Frisco, and House Speaker Pro Tempore Andy Boesenecker, D-Fort Collins, establishes precise requirements for how large online social media platforms must receive, acknowledge, and respond to search warrants issued by Colorado courts. “As a former Deputy District Attorney, I saw firsthand how critical digital evidence can be in serious criminal investigations,” said Roberts. “Increasingly, warrants are being disregarded or not treated with the seriousness they deserve by social media platforms, and delays in accessing evidence can have real consequences. SB26-011 helps ensure that court-approved warrants are respected so investigators can move quickly and responsibly.” “Our legislation is about making sure families who have been harmed aren’t left waiting for justice,” said Boesenecker. “When a judge authorizes a lawful search warrant, law enforcement deserves timely access to evidence, whether it exists in a filing cabinet or with a social media platform. By requiring social media companies to respond to search warrants in a timely manner, we can improve pathways to justice and protect our communities from further harm.” Also sponsored by Senator Lisa Frizell, R-Castle Rock, and House Minority Leader Jarvis Caldwell, R-Monument, the bill covers social media websites, online services, or mobile applications that have at least one million monthly users, allow users to create profiles, and allow users to create or share content. Under the bill, these platforms must have a clear process for communication with law enforcement, provide a staffed hotline available to law enforcement 24/7, provide status updates on warrant compliance, and prominently post contact information for search warrant compliance on their homepage. They must also acknowledge receipt of a search warrant within eight hours and comply within 72 hours in most cases. These requirements will be enforced by the Attorney General or local district attorneys. Previous Next

The House today passed legislation to extend worker protections to public sector employees and support Coloradans living with a disability. < Back April 29, 2023 Legislation to Support Workers and Coloradans Living with a Disability Passes House DENVER, CO – The House today passed legislation to extend worker protections to public sector employees and support Coloradans living with a disability. SB23-111, sponsored by Representatives Steven Woodrow and Brianna Titone, passed the House by a vote of 43 to 19. HB23-1296, sponsored by Representatives David Ortiz and Leslie Herod, passed the House by a vote of 48 to 14. “Colorado’s public employees keep our communities safe and thriving, and they deserve the same workplace protections as their private sector counterparts,” said Rep. Steven Woodrow, D-Denver, sponsor of SB23-111. “With this legislation, public workers will be free to discuss workplace issues, join an employee organization, and participate in our political process without fear of retribution. No one should be retaliated against for exercising their First Amendment rights, and I’m grateful we were able to get this done for Colorado’s public workers.” “Our first responders, teachers, public defenders and other public workers deserve the same workplace protections and rights already guaranteed to private sector workers,” said Rep. Brianna Titone, D-Arvada, sponsor of SB23-111 . “This legislation stands up for public workers and allows them to exercise their rights without employer retaliation. Colorado’s public workers are valued members of our community, and this bill allows them to make their voice heard.” SB23-111 aims to extend employee protections and rights for Coloradans working in the public sector. This legislation would give public employees the right to discuss views on employee representation or workplace issues, engage in mutual aid, participate in the political process while off duty and out of uniform and organize, join or assist in an employee organization. Private sector employees already have the concerted activity protections outlined in this legislation. SB23-111 aims to align public and private sector employee benefits to ensure every Colorado worker has equalized protections and rights. “Colorado needs to step up and do more to improve basic access for those living with a disability,” said Rep. David Ortiz, D-Littleton, sponsor of HB23-1296 . “Basic access is a right, not a privilege, and this legislation brings us closer to achieving basic access for each and every Coloradan. Through a diverse taskforce, we can bring forward meaningful ways to improve accessibility to employment, government services, housing and the outdoors for the twenty-percent of Coloradans who live with a disability.” “Coloradans living with a disability face significant barriers to securing housing, participating in the public process of government, and enjoying our great outdoors, ” said Rep. Leslie Herod, D-Denver, sponsor of HB23-1296. “From employment to housing and the great outdoors, our legislation creates a taskforce to examine accessibility barriers and uncover solutions to enable all Coloradans to thrive. If we can work toward securing basic access for Coloradans living with a disability, we can strengthen our communities.” HB23-1296 , would create the Rights of Coloradans with Disabilities task force to study issues concerning Coloradans’ with disabilities. This important task force would include four different subcommittees focused on state and local government, housing, the rewrite of the Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act and accessibility in housing and the outdoors. This legislation aims to ensure basic civil rights of individuals with disabilities in these four key areas by providing essential research and information to make Colorado more accessible for all. 20-percent of Coloradans live with a disability and this legislation works toward protecting civil liberties and expanding necessary data to provide basic access to housing, employment, recreation and government services. Previous Next

Representative Eliza Hamrick today toured the South Metro Fire Rescue (SMFR) to learn more about the nearly 300 square miles of coverage under their emergency protection. < Back September 26, 2024 RELEASE: Rep. Hamrick Tours South Metro Fire Rescue CENTENNIAL, CO – Representative Eliza Hamrick today toured the South Metro Fire Rescue (SMFR) to learn more about the nearly 300 square miles of coverage under their emergency protection. ‘Thank you to the South Metro Fire Rescue for hosting me today – your unwavering commitment to keeping our communities safe means so much to us all,” said Rep. Eliza Hamrick, D-Centennial . “At the legislature, we’ve worked to pass legislation that encourages wildfire mitigation efforts and improves the safety of our communities. SMFR serves and protects nearly 600,00 community members, and as wildfires become more destructive, I’m glad to have them in our corner.” Rep. Hamrick learned more about SMFR which serves 564,000 residents, and nearly 35,000 people who enter the district for work. Rep. Hamrick also learned more about SMFR’s 2021-2035 strategic planning process , which works to protect property, businesses and people living in parts of Arapahoe, Douglas and Jefferson Counties. SMFR’s coverage area includes Bow Mar, Castle Pines, Centennial, Cherry Hills Village, Columbine Valley, Foxfield, Greenwood Village, Littleton, Lone Tree, Parker, Castle Pines, Village Highlands Ranch and Louviers in addition to the Centennial Airport, the Denver Tech Center, Inverness and Meridian Office Park. In 2024, Rep. Hamrick supported legislation to expand local outreach efforts and educate those living in the wildland-urban interface about how they can stop the spread of wildfires. In 2023, she also supported a bipartisan law to supply the state with a second Firehawk helicopter for wildfire suppression efforts. Previous Next

Representative Javier Mabrey was recognized by the Council of State Governments as part of their annual 20 Under 40 Leadership Award recipient class. < Back December 6, 2024 Mabrey Receives the 2024 CSG 20 Under 40 Leadership Award DENVER, CO – Representative Javier Mabrey was recognized by the Council of State Governments as part of their annual 20 Under 40 Leadership Award recipient class. “I am honored and humbled to receive the 20 Under 40 Leadership Award,” said Rep. Javier Mabrey, D-Denver. “We have been able been able to have a true impact for working class Coloradans by improving renter protections, fighting against corporate price-gouging for life-saving medicine, and standing with working people to improve working conditions. These policy victories show us that we can stand by our values and stand up for working people and win. We can be decent to one another and still fight for and win meaningful and progressive change. It is a privilege to serve the people of Colorado and I am committed to continuing in the fight for working families.” The CSG 20 Under 40 Leadership Award was created in 2020 to recognize young leaders in state policy for their commitment to bipartisan and innovative solutions. Since its creation, 100 emerging elected and appointed state officials have been recognized for their work. Representative Mabrey was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2022. In his first term, he tackled the affordability crisis by capping the cost of Epi-Pen 2-packs to $60 , expanding housing options that work for every budget, strengthening eviction protections for renters, and creating new protections to improve transparency and fairness for delivery drivers. He has also championed gun violence prevention legislation that will make it easier for law enforcement to identify dangerous firearm purchasing patterns and create new avenues for victims of gun violence to pursue justice . Nominated for the award by Speaker of the House Julie McCluskie, Representative Mabrey joins past recipients from the Colorado legislature: President-Designate James Coleman, D-Denver, Sen. Dylan Roberts, D-Frisco, and Rep. Iman Jodeh, D-Aurora. Previous Next

The House today passed bipartisan legislation sponsored by Representative Manny Rutinel that would improve Colorado’s ability to invest in affordable for-sale housing. SB25-006 passed by a vote of 42-20. < Back April 11, 2025 House Passes Bipartisan Bill to Increase Affordable For-Sale Housing DENVER, CO - The House today passed bipartisan legislation sponsored by Representative Manny Rutinel that would improve Colorado’s ability to invest in affordable for-sale housing. SB25-006 passed by a vote of 42-20. “Every Coloradan deserves the chance to realize their dream of becoming a homeowner,” said Rep. Manny Rutinel, D-Commerce City. “I’m proudly sponsoring this bipartisan effort to help build more ‘starter housing’ for hardworking Coloradans. This bill would make it easier for Coloradans to access stable housing and build equity and generational wealth.” SB25-006 , also sponsored by Rep. Mary Bradfield, R-El Paso County, would allow the state treasurer to invest up to $50 million in Colorado Housing Finance Authority (CHFA) bonds to buy down the construction and mortgage costs of affordable for-sale housing that would otherwise not be built. These funds would give low interest rates to builders in exchange for long-term affordability restrictions and low mortgage rates to first-time buyers to ease their way into the housing market. The $50 million would finance homeownership for 175-200 new low- and middle-income residents. Previous Next

< Back February 15, 2019 HOUSE APPROVES MULLICA’S BIPARTISAN FREESTANDING ER LICENSING BILL Bill will help improve safety (Feb. 15) – The House gave final approval on a bill today sponsored by Rep. Kyle Mullica, D-Northglenn, that will improve safety at freestanding emergency room departments. “This bipartisan bill will ensure patients receive care in a safe manner and that emergency departments in rural, urban and suburban communities offer the best services available,” said Rep. Mullica, D-Northglenn. HB 19-1010 will bring freestanding emergency departments under the same regulatory umbrella as traditional hospital emergency rooms to ensure the safety and wellbeing of patients. This will ultimately improve the quality of care for patients and increase health care affordability. This bill will create a new license for Freestanding Emergency Departments (FSEDs) through the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE). It also requires FSEDs to medically screen every patient seeking care as well as prohibit them from delaying a medical examination in order to inquire about the patient’s ability to pay for the care or their insurance status. Rep. Mullica is an emergency room nurse by trade. The bill was co-sponsored by Rep. Lois Landgraf, R-Fountain. HB19-1010 passed with bipartisan support by a vote of 54-9. The bill now heads to the Senate. Previous Next

< Back July 31, 2019 LAWMAKERS & GOVERNOR ANNOUNCE MAJOR COST-SAVING HEALTHCARE INITIATIVE WILL MOVE FORWARD Federal government approved waiver for reinsurance effort projected to have major cost savings for health consumers (July 31) – Legislative sponsors and Governor Polis announced today that the bipartisan reinsurance program has been approved for a federal 1332 waiver, which means the program can proceed and achieve real savings in health care costs for consumers across the state, particularly in rural areas. Projections announced earlier this month estimated an 18.2 percent decrease in premiums for individual plans on average across the state, and even greater savings of up to a whopping 33.5 percent for high-cost areas such as the Western Slope. “I am thrilled that the reinsurance program will move forward and that my Western Slope constituents and Coloradans across the state will see real, substantial reductions in their health care costs,” said Rep. Julie McCluskie, D-Dillon. “I hear almost every day in my community that the cost of health care is the single greatest challenge to staying in the high country. Every Coloradan deserves access to high-quality, affordable health care services in the communities where they live – and this program is a key part of our plan to achieve that goal.” Coloradans on the individual market are struggling to keep up with the out-of-control costs of health care, particularly in rural and mountain areas of the state. By establishing a reinsurance program Colorado can stabilize the individual marketplace, increase health insurance participation and share the risks more broadly. Rising health care costs are driven in part by the underlying cost of care but are exacerbated by an insurance market that assigns the highest risks and highest costs to the individual market. This is particularly the case on the Western Slope and in rural Colorado, causing families and individuals to forgo health insurance coverage, putting them at major risk of medical debt if emergencies arise. Rep. McCluskie introduced the bipartisan bill in the House with Rep. Janice Rich, R-Grand Junction. Sen. Kerry Donovan, D-Vail, and Sen. Bob Rankin, R-Carbondale, are the Senate sponsors. This bipartisan law aims to reduce insurance premiums for individuals and families by January 2020 to provide much-needed relief to Coloradans, many of whom are paying up to a third of their income on monthly premiums. Our state, especially the Western Slope, has some of the highest health insurance costs in the country. The law establishes three tiers, from the highest cost areas of the state to the lowest cost areas, in order to pass savings on to Coloradans. The first tier, consisting of regions in the state with the highest costs, will experience the greatest reduction in premiums, by 30 to 35 percent. The second tier will experience reductions in premiums by 20 to 25 percent. Finally, the third tier, regions with the lowest costs, will experience reductions in premiums by 15 to 20 percent. HB19-1168 passed both the House and the Senate with broad bipartisan support and was signed into law by the Governor in May of this year. Previous Next

< Back May 30, 2019 HOUSE DEMS TAKE CLIMATE ACTION, CUT CARBON POLLUTION & DEPLOY MORE RENEWABLE ENERGY Due to a lack of leadership in Washington, states must lead on climate action (May 30) – Gov. Polis signed a package of bills to address climate change, reduce carbon pollution emissions and deploy more renewable energy. First up was a bill sponsored by Speaker of the House KC Becker, D-Boulder, and Rep. Dominique Jackson, D-Aurora, to the Governor. “Acting on climate will help protect clean air and water, and spur clean energy jobs, innovation, business development, and economic growth,” said Speaker Becker. “Coloradans take pride in the fact that we are doing our part to address the impacts of climate change. This new law sets goals to reduce carbon pollution and certain utilities have already set carbon-free goals.” “Hazy, bad air quality impacts the air we all breathe. Pollution changes how Coloradans live their lives and threatens everything we love about our state,” said Rep. Jackson, chair of the House Energy and Environment committee. “We’ve all heard the stories about elderly individuals who have been physically harmed because they couldn’t cool their home. Our seniors, low income people and especially communities of color are more likely to bear the impacts of climate change. This new law will help us preserve our Colorado way of life.” Coloradans are experiencing poor air quality affecting our health; mountain residents are seeing more frequent and destructive wildfires; increased drought is harming our farms; smaller snow packs are resulting in shorter ski seasons; and shallower rivers for fishing and rafting are threatening our thriving outdoor economy and the Colorado way of life. The overwhelming majority of Coloradans support climate action. This reasonable, science-based legislation directs the Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC) to develop rules limiting carbon pollution, ensuring Colorado leads on climate action. HB19-1261 puts pollution reduction goals into statute to reduce Colorado’s greenhouse gas pollution by 26 percent by 2025, 50 percent by 2030, and 90 percent by 2050 of 2005 levels. The AQCC will hold an extensive stakeholder process throughout the rulemaking period. The Gov also signed Rep. Chris Hansen’s bill to collect long-term climate change data. “Colorado’s way of life is threatened by climate change and carbon pollution emissions, and we need a data-driven approach to protect it. But we are falling short on reducing carbon emissions because we are not collecting adequate information. This law will lay a strong foundation of data that we can build upon to evaluate emissions,” said Rep. Hansen, D-Denver. Under SB19-096, the Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC) would be required to collect carbon emissions data across Colorado. This commission would then produce a report and forecast future emissions, as well as propose the most cost-effective way for Colorado to meet our carbon emissions reduction goals. The AQCC, which is part of the Department of Public Health and Environment, must complete all legislative requirements by July 1, 2020. The Gov also signed a Community Solar Gardens bill sponsored by Rep. Chris Hansen, D-Denver, and Rep. Alex Valdez, D-Denver. This law modifies Colorado’s community solar garden program by increasing the maximum size of these facilities as well as eliminating burdensome regulations restricting their location. HB19-1003 will take Colorado’s community solar garden program to the next stage of development by increasing the maximum size of a community solar garden from 2 megawatts to 5 megawatts. Gov. Polis also signed Rep. Cathy Kipp, D-Fort Collins’ bill with Rep. Meg Froelich, D-Englewood HB19-1231 to set in place energy and water efficiency standards for 15 commercial and residential products for which there are no existing federal standards, saving Coloradan families their hard-earned income while ensuring the overall quality of the products they purchase. The bills were signed into law at Sunshare’s JeffCo Community Solar Garden this morning. Previous Next

The House Business Affairs & Labor Committee today passed legislation sponsored by Representatives William Lindstedt and Alex Valdez that would strengthen consumer protections for ticket sales for activities like concerts and sporting events. HB24-1378 passed by a vote of 8-1. < Back April 10, 2024 Consumer Protections for Event Tickets Passes Committee DENVER, CO - The House Business Affairs & Labor Committee today passed legislation sponsored by Representatives William Lindstedt and Alex Valdez that would strengthen consumer protections for ticket sales for activities like concerts and sporting events. HB24-1378 passed by a vote of 8-1. “Bad actors are taking advantage of our lax laws to profit off Coloradans who are just trying to see their favorite musician or sports team,” said Rep. William Lindstedt, D-Broomfield. “Colorado’s ticket purchasing laws should aim to protect consumers from unfair business practices. Our legislation seeks to increase transparency and consumer protections around ticket purchasing so we can save Coloradans money and make the ticket-buying experience more predictable.” “Undisclosed fees and unreputable resellers make the ticket-buying experience frustrating and costly,” said Rep. Alex Valdez, D-Denver. “This bill will allow Coloradans to have more trust in the system by prohibiting sellers from impersonating a venue or seller and banning an increase in prices after the buyer has already selected their ticket.” HB24-1378 would require ticket sellers and resellers to guarantee refunds to ticket buyers and prohibit an operator from denying a ticket-buyer access to an event because they purchased the ticket through a reseller. The bill would also make it a deceptive trade practice to: Display trademarked, copyrighted, or substantially similar web designs, URLs, or other images and symbols with the intent to mislead a purchaser, Sell a ticket to an event without disclosing the total cost of the ticket, or Increase the price of a ticket after the ticket has been selected for purchase, except for adding delivery fees. The U.S. Government Accountability Office found that additional fees on event tickets average 27 to 31 percent of the ticket’s price. Previous Next